disease of mammary gland slideshare

 

The mammary gland is a skin gland, and is external to the body cavity. There are two types: Hub. Intraductal and periductal inflammatory cells, mostly neutrophils in acute mastitis. The disease may be diffuse or involve a portion only of the gland, the latter being the more common. What the the fifth? Know the 2 major arteries (lateral and internal thoracic) and three lymph node groups (axillary, internal thoracic (mammary) and supraclavicular) which supply the breast. (2)Silent Spring Institute, Newton, MA, USA. Lipoma lipogranulomas. Mastopathy. Interventions For Clients With Breast Cancer, No public clipboards found for this slide, Student at Addis Ababa university medical faculty. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. All 4 of the classical signs of inflammation, heat redness, swelling, pain. “ Fibrocystic disease” is the waste basket term for benign breast disease characterized by fibrosis, cysts, inflammation, and a host of other benign changes. The “tubular” pattern is somewhat better in behavior. Classic cheesy appearance of fat in fat necrosis. Note the myoepithelial cell. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. 90% of infiltrating breast carcinomas are simply called “Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma” on the pathology report. 1. Biopsies were sent to the Department of Pathology FMVZ-UNAM diagnostic service. The structure and functioning of the Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. VERy very very scary, but 100% benign, lesion. Fat necrosis is usually due to mechanical trauma, surgical or otherwise. Lactation is considered the final phase of the mammalian reproductive cycle, and the mammary gland provides milk for nourishment and disease resistance to the newborn. The appearance is 100% exemplary of the diagnosis. Giant cells and hemosiderin are usually easily found in fat necrosis. A whole lobule filled with monotono0us cells of the same type can be called LCIS, or lobular carcinoma in situ. The appearance is 100% exemplary of the diagnosis. Problems with the mammary glands in infants usually begin in the second week of a child's life. Neoplastic diseases are the most frequent clinical occurrence in the mammary gland of the female dogs. 4 MAMMARY GLAND – Modified sweat gland in sup fascia – No connective tissue covering. Ans: the “sclerosis” can be mistaken for desmoplasia.  Front : Rear quarter = 40 : 60  Support system: ligaments and connective tissue  Secretory and duct system: exocrine gland  Blood supplies and ... 3. There was diffuse neoplastic involvement of the gland. “Fibrocystic disease” is the waste basket term for benign breast disease characterized by fibrosis, cysts, inflammation, and a host of other benign changes. VERy very very scary, but 100% benign, lesion. The greater risk of contracting a woman is exposed to stress, neurosis, depression, so chronic stress is one of the factors causing mastopathy. The mucinous variant is also somewhat better in behavior. Note the myoepithelial cell. The presence of myoepithelial cells, means, BENIGN!!! “ Fibrocystic disease” is the waste basket term for benign breast disease characterized by fibrosis, cysts, inflammation, and a host of other benign changes. Mammary glands are found in the breasts of humans and other mammals. Greater knowledge allows us to alter environment, nutrition, milking procedures, or general management to maximize production. Atrophy is a NORMAL feature of postmenopausal breasts (estrogen withdrawal). Predominant glandular component – adenas. Microcalcifications, seen on mammograms, are often the result of necrotic intraductal crud which has calcified. Diffuse mastopathy can be: Mixed. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Giant cells and hemosiderin are usually easily found in fat necrosis. “ Benign” hyperplasia is characterized by, NO necrosis, the presence of MYOEPITHELIAL cells, and NO ATYPIA. BREASTBREAST Diffuse. Nipple retraction can be congenital or acquired, when acquired, it represents suspicion for underlying fibrosis due to neoplasm or inpflammation. NEVER. What is the principal inflammatory cell here? Overexpression of this receptor in breast cancer is associated with increased disease recurrence and worse prognosis. Breast cyst, filled with fluid, in the pathology lab. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Because of its prognostic role as well as its ability to predict response to trastuzumab , breast tumors are routinely checked for overexpression of HER2/neu. HER2 is a proto-oncogene located at the long arm of human chromosome 17(17q11.2-q12). See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. You can change your ad preferences anytime. OVARY 4. Glucose represents 40 to 60% of the total carbon mass taken up by sow mammary tissue and its uptake by the mammary gland appears to be mediated by glucose transporter proteins. Why? Classic cheesy appearance of fat in fat necrosis. Mammary Paget's disease. Sclerosing adenosis is often confused with malignancy. Osborne G(1), Rudel R(2), Schwarzman M(3). Certain features such as hyperplasia and papillomatosis, put it in a somewhat higher risk category for future carcinoma. The asterisked items, are more suspicious than the non-asterisked items. Certain features such as hyperplasia and papillomatosis, put it in a somewhat higher risk category for future carcinoma. In such cases the mammary gland typically appears atrophied and no milk can be expressed from the gland. The tumor cells are INSIDE the skin dermal lymphatic spaces. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Understanding function aids in the control of some diseases … Mammary glands 1. PROF. Amer Eltwati IRHUMA FRCS 2. MAMMARY GLAND IN MAMMALS… In Humans, the mammary glands are situated on the breasts. Mammary gland involution is a highly complex multi-step process in which the lactating gland returns to a morphologically near pre-pregnant state. The List Diseases and their types: 1. The “tubular” pattern is somewhat better in behavior. The asterisked items, are more suspicious than the non-asterisked items. Inflammatory carcinoma with its classic peau d’orange appearance. Ther are an average of about 10 LOBES per breast. Adenosis is defined as an increased number of acini per lobule. Acute or chronic? Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. An understanding of the known biologic facts of this disease and methodical evaluation of the individual patient are necessary prerequisites for outlining rational courses of therapy for dogs afflicted with mammary tumors. Its reason is: Injury. Intraductal and periductal inflammatory cells, mostly neutrophils in acute mastitis. Overexpression also occurs in other cancer such as ovarian cancer and stomach cancer. Inflammatory carcinoma with its classic peau d’orange appearance. Stroma>>>>>glands in atrophy, but lobules and acini are still present architecturally. Mammary gland tumors are common in dogs and represent the most common neoplasms in sexually intact female dogs. The clinical appearance is usually a demarcated, thickened, eczematoid, erythematous weeping or crusted lesion with irregular borders. 7 8. Microcalcifications, seen on mammograms, are often the result of necrotic intraductal crud which has calcified. Definition The word “breast” refers to the mammary glands, plus the additional connective tissue elements and fat that surround and support the gland. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Clinically, canine mammary tumors (CMT) appear spontaneously and are more frequent in older dogs. Mammary Paget's disease occurs exclusively on the nipple/areola complex from where it may spread on to surrounding skin. The suspensory ligament separates lobes. In order not to harm the child, it is necessary to clearly understand when changes in the mammary glands of newborns are considered normal, and when this is already a disease. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Its name was given to this form because of the proliferation of epithelial tissues in the ducts of the breast. Overexpression and amplification of the neu (c-erbB2, ERBB2) protooncogene have been implicated in the development of aggressive human breast cancer. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Maj Rishi Pokhrel NAIHS rongon28us@yahoo.com www.slideshare.net 2. Most of the inflammation here is PERI- ductal rather than INTRA- ductal. Another risk factor for the development of dyshormonal changes in the mammary glands is iodine deficiency, which contributes to disorders in the hypothalamus-breast system. This developmental stage is characterized by a high degree of epithelial cell death, redevelopment of the mammary adipose tissue and tissue remodelling. The X-linked form of HED (XLHED) is caused by a lack of the secreted signaling molecule ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1) which is encoded by the gene EDA and belong … Angiom. The udder of a cow producing 40 lbs. The condition in itself often appears innocuous, limited to a surface appearance and it is sometimes dismissed, although … Mastitis may result from the extension of inflammations of neighboring structures, as caries of a rib, erysipelas of the skin, or in puerperal infection the micro-organisms may have been brought to the gland through the blood-vessels. Symptoms and course of the disease are quite typical, in the early stages completely cured, at later stages it passes into a precancerous state. Sclerosing adenosis is often confused with malignancy. The mucinous variant is also somewhat better in behavior. Diseases of the mammary glands (mammology) Galactorrhea: causes, symptoms, treatment. Mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary gland, regardless of cause, characterised by physiological, chemical and generally bacteriological changes in milk and by pathological changes in glandular tissue. The presence of myoepithelial cells, means, BENIGN!!! Confusion between lobe, lobule, acini, alveolus, and duct is rampant in clinical medicine, but should never be confusing for you. Phyllodes fibroadenoma. 4. Benign breast disease 1. Hamartoma. Why? Why? WHY STUDY THE MAMMARY GLAND AND MILK SECRETION? At the end of lactation the mammary glands and areolae return almost but not completely to their state before pregnancy. Breast cyst, filled with fluid, in the pathology lab. Acute or chronic? To node include: Cyst. 90% of infiltrating breast carcinomas are simply called “Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma” on the pathology report. MAMMARY GLAND IN MAMMALS… 5. anonymous 3. • Inflammatory disease of the mammary gland• Cause- bacteria, fungi, yeast, spirochetes, trauma• Route of infection- ascending via teat canal 3. Note that no matter how big a male’s breasts may get, they should never for m lobules, but just end as blunt ducts. Ans: Lymphocytes. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. The medullary variant (i.e., lots of immune calls or lymphocytes) is also somewhat better in behavior. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Confusion between lobe, lobule, acini, alveolus, and duct is rampant in clinical medicine, but should never be confusing for you. Disease of the breast may prevent you from completing this task and cause serious harm to the health of the woman. Regulated by the endocrine system, mammary glands respond to the hormonal changes that take place during pregnancy and following birth.The mammary glands are responsible for lactation, also known as milk production. The condition is an uncommon disease accounting for 1 to 4.3% of all breast cancers and was first described by Sir James Paget in 1874. Stroma>>>>>glands in atrophy, but lobules and acini are still present architecturally. Certain features such as hyperplasia and papillomatosis, put it in a somewhat higher risk category for future carcinoma. Know the 2 major arteries (lateral and internal thoracic) and three lymph node groups which supply the breast. Note the atypia, “swiss cheese” hyperplasia, and early necrosis. • The mammary gland functionally is an apocrine gland where apart of breast cells are shed into the secretion and constitute the milk. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Evaluating chemical effects on mammary gland development: A critical need in disease prevention. To directly assess the effect of mammary gland-specific expression of the neu protooncogene, transgenic mice carrying unactivated neu under the transc … Fibroadenoma. Most of the inflammation here is PERI- ductal rather than INTRA- ductal. Quotefailure is not falling down but in staying down ..! The actual secretion of milk is induced by hormones— prolactin from the pituitary and somatomammotropin from the placenta. 2. www.freelivedoctor.com. 1-6 The incidence rates reported vary, depending on the origin of the studies and characteristics of the source population. Breast cyst, filled with fluid, in the pathology lab. Dishormonal diseases of mammary glands. Ans: Lymphocyte. The California mastitis test (CMT) is a simple semiquantitative goat‐side test for determining the number of nucleated cells, measuring both neutrophils and epithelial cells. In the dog, this disease can have a range of biologic behaviors, whereas in the cat it is almost always an extrem … Protocolal hyperplasia of mammary glands. Bovine mammary gland 14-Arid-2022 PMAS FAISAL SHAHZAD SOMROO. Bovine mammary gland. In the dog and cat, early detection and rapid therapy are necessary to prevent both local and distant metastasis. The result of hereditary pathology. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Severe damage to the mammary gland associated with mastitis (bacterial or viral) or trauma may result in fibrosis of the secretory tissue and the loss of function in one or both halves of the mammary gland. The medullary variant (i.e., lots of immune calls or lymphocytes) is also somewhat better in behavior. A whole lobule filled with monotono0us cells of the same type can be called LCIS, or lobular carcinoma in situ. Our old friend the papillopma, i.e., a fingerlike proliferation of epithelium, growing over a fibrovascular core. Breast tissue that is ~90% glandular and/or looks like “thyoid”, i.e., filled with milk, are lactating breasts. Epidemiology. This device helps pathologists to sample the areas of greatest concern more heavily. WHY STUDY THE MAMMARY GLAND AND MILK SECRETION? That they imposed the most important function of the production of breast milk – the main food of the newborn child. 2. The study was based on a retrospective study consisting of 1,917 biopsies of intact dogs that presented mammary gland lesions. Lobules are separated from each other by bands of connective tissue. Fat necrosis is usually due to mechanical trauma, surgical or otherwise. However, the cellular and soluble immune components associated with mammary tissues and secretion also can play an important role in … The suspensory ligament separates lobes. Our old friend the papillopma, i.e., a fingerlike proliferation of epithelium, growing over a fibrovascular core. Breast cyst, filled with fluid, in the ultrasound lab. You can change your ad preferences anytime. “Benign” hyperplasia is characterized by, NO necrosis, the presence of MYOEPITHELIAL cells, and NO ATYPIA. This type of calcification represents about a 20% chance of malignancy and should be biopsied. What are most of these cells? We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. The cow also had diffuse infiltration of the mammary gland and cardiac neoplasia. All 4 of the classical signs of inflammation, heat redness, swelling, pain. – … Diseases of the mammary glands in newborns. The mammary glands of other mammals that have more than two breasts, such as dogs and cats, are sometimes called dugs. The annual incidence of mammary tumors was 16.8%: 47.7% (benign) and 47.5% (malignant). Types of Mastitis• Infectious- caused by microbial organisms• Non infectious – resulting from physical injury to the mammary gland 4. This device helps pathologists to sample the areas of greatest concern more heavily. Nipple discharge and ulceration may occur. After menopause the glands atrophy and … Breast tissue ALWAYS extends to the axilla, and when it does form an actual protuberance, it can be called an accessory breast. Know the 2 major arteries (lateral and internal thoracic) and three lymph node groups (axillary, internal thoracic (mammary) and supraclavicular) which supply the breast. Breast cyst, filled with fluid, in the pathology lab. In ruminants such as cows, goats, and deer, the mammary glands are contained in their udders. In the diffuse form the inflammation may extend to neighboring structures, … 1. The mammary gland is a gland located in the breasts of females that is responsible for lactation, or the production of milk. Breasts are modified apocrine sweat glands embryologically. HER2 is a proto-oncogene located at the long arm of human chromosome 17(17q11.2-q12). The disease can be localized in one mammary gland, which leads to breast asymmetry, and can be symmetrical in nature and affect both glands. NEVER. What is the principal inflammatory cell here? The breast becomes enlarged, tense, and sensitive, and the areola widened and more deeply pigmented. This type of calcification represents about a 20% chance of malignancy and should be biopsied. Know the 2 major arteries (lateral and internal thoracic) and three lymph node groups which supply the breast. What the the fifth? Ans: Lymphocyte. Pap smear of nipple exudate in acute mastitis. Hygiene(combined effect of professional hazard), No public clipboards found for this slide. Number 1 commandment in pathology: NEVER diagnosis a malignant papilloma on a frozen section!!!!! Number 1 commandment in pathology: NEVER diagnosis a malignant papilloma on a frozen section!!!!! So the system of ligaments and other tissues which attach the udder to the cow are critical for successful lactation. Author information: (1)Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. The researchers extracted mammary buds, the early developing form of the mammary gland, from 14-day-old mouse embryos, which is a critical time for mammary development in … Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Intraductal NECROSIS is the most suspicious feature of all. A lobule is part of a lobe composed of many acini. Failure in the synthesis of male sex hormones. The tumor cells are INSIDE the skin dermal lymphatic spaces. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Why? 1. What are most of these cells? The right supramammary lymph node is markedly enlarged and appears as a firm swelling in the dorsal aspect of the right rear mammary gland. Ans: Lymphocytes. The mammary glands are frequent locations for the development of tumors. Paget's disease of the breast is a type of cancer that outwardly may have the appearance of eczema, with skin changes involving the nipple of the breast. Contrary to the opinion of many, galactorrhea is not a disease, but a kind of symptom, or a condition in which there is a discharge from the milky mammary glands of a fluid that is close in composition to milk or colostrum. Breast tissue ALWAYS extends to the axilla, and when it does form an actual protuberance, it can be called an accessory breast. Adenosis is defined as an increased number of acini per lobule. Note that no matter how big a male’s breasts may get, they should never for m lobules, but just end as blunt ducts. Breast cyst, filled with fluid, in the ultrasound lab. Atrophy is a NORMAL feature of postmenopausal breasts (estrogen withdrawal). Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasias (HED) are hereditary differentiation disorders of multiple ectodermal structures including the mammary gland. “Fibrocystic disease” is the waste basket term for benign breast disease characterized by fibrosis, cysts, inflammation, and a host of other benign changes. Ans: the “sclerosis” can be mistaken for desmoplasia. Note the atypia, “swiss cheese” hyperplasia, and early necrosis. The effect of a number of drugs. THE COOPER’S LIGAMENTS • Cooper's ligament, also known as the suspensory ligaments and ligamenta suspensoria mammaria, are connective tissue in the breast that maintain structural integrity. Mammary Gland 3. Ther are an average of about 10 LOBES per breast. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Lobules are separated from each other by bands of connective tissue. B, A 14-year-old Holstein with mammary gland adenocarcinoma. Nipple retraction can be congenital or acquired, when acquired, it represents suspicion for underlying fibrosis due to neoplasm or inpflammation. Pap smear of nipple exudate in acute mastitis. Female mammary gland – organ is unique. Intraductal papilloma. Breast tissue that is ~90% glandular and/or looks like “thyoid”, i.e., filled with milk, are lactating breasts. Because of the common occurrence of multiple tumors arising at various stages … A lobule is part of a lobe composed of many acini. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Intraductal NECROSIS is the most suspicious feature of all. Breasts are modified apocrine sweat glands embryologically. Certain features such as hyperplasia and papillomatosis, put it in a somewhat higher risk category for future carcinoma. Approximately 25-30 percent of breast cancers have an amplification of the HER2/neu gene or overexpression of its protein product. 4. 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