HE. It may be difficult to differentiate among in situ carcinoma, lobular hyperplasia with severe atypia, and atypical epitheliosis in the canine mammary gland, but this is analogous to the situation in breast pathology in women.13,20 In some cases, carcinoma in situ may represent areas of intraductal neoplastic cell proliferation from a carcinoma elsewhere in the mammary gland.13, A simple carcinoma is composed of only one cell type, resembling either luminal epithelial cells or myoepithelial cells.11,12. The remnants of mammary ducts are surrounded by the neoplastic spindle cells. The ducts are lined by a bilayered epithelium with foci of squamous differentiation and intracytoplasmic keratohyaline granules. The second population is composed of spindle to stellate cells with poorly demarcated cell borders and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. The bone in mixed tumors occurs by endochondral ossification of cartilage formed by the myoepithelial cells or by intramembranous ossification of stroma connective tissue. In some ducts, there is piling up of the epithelium. The classification system for canine mammary tumors has undergone several revisions, the latest in 2011, as new insight into behavior and specific entities are described. HE. Intraductal papillary carcinoma, mammary gland, canine. 2014 May;51(3):549-59. doi: 10.1177/0300985813498780. classification of mammary gland tumors and also application of a human grading method in canine mammary carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is composed solely of squamous epithelium (to differentiate from adenosquamous carcinoma). These cells are smaller than the peripheral ductal epithelial cells. Histopathology remains the cornerstone for diagnosing canine mammary tumors (CMTs). Within the neoplasm, there is proliferation of cells that vary from fusiform to stellate to ovoid, as associated with islands of tumor osteoid and/or bone formation. Ductal adenoma and carcinoma are rare neoplasms that involve only the tissue of the nipple with no neoplastic tissue in the underlying mammary gland. Islands of tumor osteoid are present with the neoplasm. 9 The mammary gland consists of 3 distinct cell types/tissue types: epithelial, myoepithelial and mesenchymal. FOIA Figure 7. The third component consists of foci of cartilage and/or bone and/or adipose tissue, which exhibit no atypia. Anaplastic carcinoma with desmoplasia, mammary gland, canine. The supporting stroma consists of fibroblast, collagen, and blood vessels. The aims of this study were classification of mammary gland tumors and also application of a human grading method in canine mammary carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (AE1/AE3), a pancytokeratin marker, will confirm the epithelial origin of the neoplasm. 2013 Mar;50(2):347-8. doi: 10.1177/0300985812461364. There is moderate anisokaryosis and anisocytosis and variable numbers of mitoses. There are often areas of lobular hyperplasia within the mammary tissue adjacent to the areas of neoplasia. The neoplastic cell population is arranged in cords and tubules that surround slitlike lumina that are often lined by a double layer of epithelial cells that exhibit significant anisokaryosis and anisocytosis; there are also numerous mitotic figures. Mammary tumors were carcinomas (n = 32) and sarcomas (n = 5). Abstract . There are foci of myoepithelial cell proliferation adjacent to several ducts. These include the cribriform type of simple carcinoma and comedocarcinoma, both of which were described under carcinoma–in situ.13 Others have been identified as malignant variants of previously described benign neoplasms and include the ductal carcinoma, the malignant counterpart of the ductal adenoma but previously classified as a basaloid adenoma,13 and the intraductal papillary carcinoma, the malignant counterpart of the intraductal papillary adenoma but previously classified as a duct papilloma.13 Micropapillary carcinomas, a recently described entity, has been incorporated into the classification.5 Other new entities, such as the carcinoma and malignant myoepithelioma, have been identified using immunohistochemistry markers for epithelial cells (CK 8, 18, 19, and CK 7) and basal/myoepithelial cells (CK 5, 6, 14, 17, smooth muscle actin, calponin, vimentin, p63).18, Table 1. Figure 13. Create a link to share a read only version of this article with your colleagues and friends. Carcinoma in situ, mammary gland, canine. 17). M. Goldschmidt, L. Peña, R. Rasotto, and V. Zappulli. The cystic-papillary type of mammary carcinoma differs from the tubular type in that there are papillae extending into marked dilated and cystic tubular lumina. Figure 15. Adenoma, mammary gland, canine. Given the previous two histologic classifications, we propose the following histologic classification and nomenclature of neoplasms and dysplasias of the canine mammary gland.
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